http:\/\/ntrs.nasa.gov\/archive\/nasa\/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov\/19960023622_1996039477.pdf<\/a> is a 1995 paper in which a genetic algorithm was set to design an airplane wing of fixed lift and span, minimizing drag.\u00a0 The result after 120 iterations was the C wing.<\/p>\n

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This uses a legal-size sheet of 16-pound paper. ( 8-1\/2″ x 14″ or 216mm x 355.6mm and 60 grams per square meter).\u00a0 The full sheet of paper is 4.6 grams, or about 4 grams for the completed airplane.\u00a0 The rolled leading edge taped flat and folded is enough structure to keep the upper horizontal surface of the C wingtips relatively flat. The fold needs to be refreshed to remain horizontal. \u00a0 This plane flies quite well, with a L\/D of 6 or more.\u00a0 No flutter when flying in circles or in glides.\u00a0 The original Barnaby glider had a full wingtip fold instead of a winglet.\u00a0 Who would have thought in 1908 a second fold would be a breakthrough in aerodynamics in 1995?<\/p>\n

A small cut about a quarter of the way in on the initial folds that create the vertical wing panels allows the trailing edge of the wings more camber, which improves the L\/D to 7.\u00a0 In addition, this provides more adjustment of the wing loading, which must be equal in order to fly in circles and return at the same altitude.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

http:\/\/ntrs.nasa.gov\/archive\/nasa\/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov\/19960023622_1996039477.pdf is a 1995 paper in which a genetic algorithm was set to design an airplane wing of fixed lift and span, minimizing drag.\u00a0 The result after 120 iterations was the C wing. This uses a legal-size sheet of 16-pound paper. ( 8-1\/2″ x 14″ or 216mm x 355.6mm and 60 grams per square meter).\u00a0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/howardfink.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/184"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/howardfink.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/howardfink.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howardfink.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howardfink.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=184"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/howardfink.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/184\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":192,"href":"https:\/\/howardfink.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/184\/revisions\/192"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/howardfink.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=184"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howardfink.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=184"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/howardfink.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=184"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}